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The mysterious lady tomb in Joo Chiat

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It was around Sep 2006 when Charles and I was tipped off of a mysterious tomb in a carpark in Joo Chiat.

We went to investigate at that time.

What lies beneath a bush in a carpark in Joo Chiat?



It was a half buried tomb of a lady



From the tomb picture, one can see that the ancestral place mentioned in the grave is Kinmen.  there is also a surname Lee inscribed in the grave as well.



A closer look at the picture show the name Madam Koh Ngean Koo and the year inscribed as 1934.

She should be a nonya based on the jewellery she was wearing.  Why was her tombstone in a Joo Chiat carpark?



We asked those who lived nearby about this mysterious tombstone.  Some said that this used to be a Malay cemetery and Mdm Koh was related to a Malay family and so was buried there.

Some people would come here, gave offerings and ask for 4D.

There is a possibility raised by Charles that this tombstone may have been implanted and that there is no body buried there at all.

This is because the tomb appear to have been broken off along the ridges with the cement as seen here:



A 1958 map of the place show that the area is not a cemetery at that time.

As we could not get any more information,  I lighted up some candles and paid my respects to her.  Let us solve the mystery so you can rest in peace, I said to her at that time.

Sometime later Shin Min News,  Wan Bao and even TV On the beat showcased this mysterious tomb, but nobody knew the answer.

I would think of this mysterious tomb and the lady often,  as the photo was so clear that it quite imprinted on my mind .

It is now 2015,  8 years after we investigated the grave.

As typical of other years,  on New Year Day, I would give offering and thanks at the temples near my house.

This time,  I decided to go to a Buddhist temple.  After praying, I went to take a look at the columbarium.   There are thousands of urns there.

My eyes did a quick scan.  A picture on the urn looks familiar .



Yes, it is the mysterious lady on the Joo Chiat tomb.

The words on the urn mentioned that Mdm Koh Ngean Koo was exhumed from Bukit Brown Cemetery on 29 Oct 1982.

I did a quick check on the burial registry and quickly find the burial entry:



It confirmed the name of Koh Ngean Koo who died on 30 March 1934 at the age of 29 years.  She was the wife of Lee Keng Kee, confirming the Lee character on the tombstone.

So 6 years after I paid my respects to her tombstone in a carpark in Joo Chiat, I have solved the mystery. She was actually exhumed from Bukit Brown cemetery
in 1982, and a piece of her tombstone was not crushed but saved by somebody, who probably felt the heart not to destroy the headstone containing the nice picture.

There are other things housed together next to the tombstone, so it must be somebody, some karang guni perhaps who collected old discarded goods.





It is never too late to solve a mystery, and a good start to another great year ahead.

A happy and healthy new year to everyone for 2015.



Article 13

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Zaobao News, Dec 23, 2014

庆德会183年老传统 新修祠堂内延续
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已有183年历史的庆德会,在让出需要大笔资金维修的庆德楼后,目前已在樟宜罗弄104的新会所安顿下来。庆德会成员前天还在新修祠堂内,延续100多年来的古老传统,举行隆重的冬至祭祖活动。

现任会长钟合源告诉本报,他们搬离庆德楼后,便开始思考要在哪里设土生华人很重视的“祖厝”,以安顿祖先禄位,最后决定把庆德会的上述产业改装为祠堂。内部装修富有峇峇味庆德会的新会所,外观和周边住宅没两样,但里面却装修得很有土生华人特色,从神龛、供桌到地砖等,都具有浓浓的峇峇味。进门便看到一块“受禄于天”的牌匾,内堂正中间是36名创会者的禄位,禄位前的供桌摆满祭品,有甘蔗、香蕉、烧鸡、烧鸭、烧肉、螃蟹和各式糕粿饼,还有酒、饭和茶等,摆设非常讲究。
钟合源说,新会所的装修工作还在进行中,估计明年6月能竣工,到时将举行开幕仪式。1831年由36名来自马六甲的峇峇商人共同创立的庆德会,基本上是商人间的互助组织。庆德会创始人中,包括陈笃生的哥哥陈有郎、凤山寺创建者梁壬癸的哥哥梁瓒元、本地和马六甲富商徐炎泉的父亲徐钦元,以及本地富商谢安祥的父亲谢宝荣等。当中好些人与天福宫或崇文阁有关系,例如梁瓒元曾任天福宫总理,也是承建崇文阁的建筑商;洪俊成曾是崇文阁副总理等。

根据林孝胜所撰写的《庆德会:华商互助会的组织与运作》一文,庆德会很多创始人来自马六甲。这些商人在拓荒时期到新加坡投资经商,难免要冒风险,可是他们有家庭、有负担,为了在生意失败时无后顾之忧,家属生活有保障,他们成立互助会。创建庆德会的36名成员,共有20个姓氏,主要来自福建漳泉地区。他们效仿桃园三结义方式,在三官大帝前宣誓为兄弟,一旦某个家庭陷入困境,就会发生活津贴,给予援助。经过183年的漫长岁月,
庆德会目前剩下31个会员,当中18人住在新加坡,剩余13人住在马六甲。钟合源说,会员的传承方式是由父亲传给长子,如果长子不合适,则传给其他儿子;如果没有子嗣,则传给兄弟或兄弟的后人;有些会员的后人因改变信仰,选择退出庆德会。星期天的冬至祭祖轮到陈孟宗的后人陈君成负责。他解释说,庆德会每年会从会员中选出炉主、头家和二头家。炉主负责上元节,即农历正月十四的所有祭祀品,头家负责清明和中元节的祭祀活动,二头家则负责下元节和冬至的祭祀活动。

庆德会前天在位于樟宜罗弄104的新修宗祠举行隆重的冬至祭祖活动。陈君成(左)是这次祭祀活动的“头家”,祭祀的供品非常讲究丰富。(谢燕燕)

武吉布朗深处的文坛未解之谜诗人冯蕉衣碑文出自郁达夫手笔?

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Zaobao News Dec 27, 2014

武吉布朗深处的文坛未解之谜诗人冯蕉衣碑文出自郁达夫手笔?

谢燕燕
chiayy@sph.com.sg

曾翻阅各种有关冯蕉衣史料的文史爱好者林志强认为,墓碑上的题字应该是出自郁达夫之手,冯蕉衣哥哥的后人也以为墓碑是郁达夫所写的。但是,有些人在比对郁达夫和墓碑上的字迹后,又觉得两种字体相去甚远,碑文应该不是郁达夫所题。
金马奖最佳导演许鞍华执导的影片《黄金时代》,把世人的目光重新聚焦在中国东北女作家萧红身上。在那个文学创作的“黄金时代”,本地也曾出现一位际遇与萧红有些相似的年轻诗人冯蕉衣。

冯蕉衣这位潮州诗人才华横溢,曾用过拉因、砂金等笔名,在上海出版过《衡窝集》;24岁南来后继续耕耘,在新马诗坛占有一席之位。但他一生历尽沧桑、穷困潦倒,最后英年早逝。

他在1940年的双十节,因病突然谢世时才27岁,当时为他举殡入殓的是赫赫有名的文人郁达夫。冯蕉衣位于武吉布朗密林中的墓,2012年中被寻墓人吴安全发现后,却引来一个有趣的问题;墓碑上的题字,究竟是不是出自郁达夫之笔?
曾翻阅各种有关冯蕉衣史料的文史爱好者林志强认为,墓碑上的题字应该是出自郁达夫之手,冯蕉衣哥哥的后人也以为墓碑是郁达夫所写的。但是吴安全曾问过好些人,大家在比对郁达夫和墓碑上的字迹后,又觉得两种字体相去甚远,碑文应该不是郁达夫所题。
曾经赋诗悼念冯蕉衣的本地文坛宿将刘思,1986年接受《联合早报》记者吴启基访问时却让上述疑团变得更加扑朔迷离。刘思在《颓废是伪装的——诗人刘思忆郁达夫在新加坡》一文中说,郁达夫与“吼社”同人如冯蕉衣关系密切,冯死时,由“吼社”一群朋友组成的治丧委员会要求郁达夫为早逝的诗人题写墓碑,他当时满口答应。但是郁达夫接下这项工作后却迟迟未见交件。

刘思记得自己当时在牛车水南天酒楼对面一家商行工作,有一天郁达夫和报馆同事到珍珠巴刹用餐,看到他在商行内便冲了进去,连招呼也不打就说:“我最近太忙了,蕉衣的字还没写。”刘思当时笑着回答:“希望你能尽快写好,到时我到你处去拿。”
根据吴启基的那篇报道,刘思当时肯定冯蕉衣墓碑上的字出自郁达夫之手,但他却把墓的地点记成是碧山亭。林志强是基于刘思的上述谈话,认定冯蕉衣墓碑上的字出自郁达夫之手。他还揣测郁达夫不是书法家,字体有时会不稳定。
新加坡文艺协会永久名誉会长骆明记得六七年前,郁达夫的孙子郁峻峰曾带着富阳和杭州电视台的摄制队到新加坡,并通过他的安排找了刘思和方修等人来谈郁达夫在新加坡的事迹。骆明记得刘思当时曾提及郁达夫答应为冯蕉衣墓碑题字一事,还提到他曾亲自到《星洲日报》找郁达夫,要跟他拿已答应写的字,但最终是否拿到就不得而知了。骆明说,郁达夫的后人正在筹划出版《郁达夫在新加坡文集》,并准备在中国和新加坡同时举行发布会。
虽然文献记录说墓碑是由郁达夫所题,但是本报咨询过好些人,包括本地一些著名书法家,大家在比对郁达夫所题的《纪念诗人冯蕉衣特辑》和墓碑上的字体时,都认为两者相去甚远,不大可能出自同一人手笔。除了笔触不同,郁达夫的字率真不拘,碑上的书体拘谨守法。

从冯蕉衣1940年底逝世到郁达夫于1942年2月4日与胡愈之、王任叔因日军攻陷新加坡而匆匆逃离新加坡,间中只有一年多时间,郁达夫会否因工作太忙,加上时局不稳,没来得及履行承诺便逃难而去?这是个耐人寻味的悬案。
记者最近随吴安全和林志强穿越武吉布朗密林,寻访冯蕉衣的墓时,只见墓碑上写着生卒年,除此之外便是一行“诗人冯蕉衣之墓”。
吴安全说,他是在2012年某一天,在密林中躲雨时被墓碑上的题字所吸引。在武吉布朗墓群中,以诗人自居的坟墓非常少见。据他所知,除了冯蕉衣,便是曾经担任中华总商会秘书的康研秋。葬在那里的诗人则有邱菽园和陈延谦。
巧的是,在那之后不久,冯蕉衣的侄孙女突然电邮吴安全,想知道叔公的墓是否受造路工程影响。吴安全与她联络时,她表示冯蕉衣的墓一直由她父亲冯笃骏照料,但父亲已在两年前去世。

本报通过这位侄孙女找到冯蕉衣侄女冯剑萍(73岁)。冯剑萍的父亲冯海泉是冯蕉衣的同父异母哥哥。冯蕉衣去世后不久才出世的冯剑萍,对叔叔的事迹非常感兴趣。她曾听长辈说过叔叔在病重时,他的女友郭坤成曾扶着他找她父亲,但是他们家当时生活十分清苦,父母和两名哥哥挤在租来的小房间里,根本就没有能力照顾叔叔,最后是由叔叔的朋友合力出钱,为他租个床铺栖身养病。



吴安全(左)和林志强摄于武吉布朗诗人冯蕉衣的墓前。(熊俊华摄)


年度人物 2014

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Zaobao News Dec 28, 2014


他们未必都是镁光灯下的知名人物,但却在各自的领域发光发热。由早报副刊各专线记者选出的年度人物2014一共有六位,他们是寻墓人吴安全、新加坡国际艺术节艺术总监王景生、纪实摄影师沈绮颖、名厨Julien Royer、演员李铭顺、歌手林俊杰。除了奖项,他们的努力及影响,是上榜的重要指标。




西方有句谚语“魔鬼在细节中”(The devil is in the details),意指细节决定成败。今年由《早报·现在》选出的六位“年度人物”,就善于凭借细腻心思和敏锐观察力,揪出细节中的魔鬼;在顾全大局的同时,也将各方面照顾得滴水不漏,就连最微小的细节也绝不放过。

这六位“年度人物”都是各自专业领域中的闪耀人物。他们未必都是镁光灯下的知名公众人物,有的只是“平民英雄”,但都在各自的领域里发挥影响力。从小细节,看到他们对工作的付出,也感受到他们对社会的关爱。

他们是:两个“非考古学家”、名不见经传的兄弟,这些年来发起寻访古墓还原历史的活动;

艺术家王景生把艺术节改头换面,扛起舆论压力;来自法国的年轻厨师,让世界看见新加坡;女记者拿起相机为中国老百姓纪实;以及做好本分,交出亮眼成绩的影视艺人。

“年度人物”是经由早报副刊各专线记者和编辑,按照副刊所涵盖的范畴讨论与筛选出来的,因此并不包括新闻、政治与财经等其他领域。除了奖项,他们的努力及影响,更是上榜的重要指标,期望能为后来者起抛砖引玉的作用。

●还原历史本来的面目在高速发展的钢骨水泥城市里,吴安全和吴安龙两兄弟选择回到最初的起点,挖掘岛国历史。他们在寻墓过程中,仔细发掘出许多被人淡忘的历史足迹。他们一次又一次带队到坟场寻根问祖,让一个个深藏在老林的古坟重见天日,还原历史本来的面目。

●给艺术节新的风景去年停办一年的新加坡国际艺术节,在新上任的艺术总监王景生的带领下改头换面,脱离了原有风格与模式,接触到更广大的观众群。由王景生精挑细选的12部国际作品风格迥异,时而充满话题性,也在坊间引起热烈讨论。

●让世界看到新加坡精致餐饮瑞士史丹福酒店70楼JAAN主厨罗耶(Julien Royer)对手工食材的热忱及用心,让他在今年餐饮界的国际盛事中扫下多个奖项,为JAAN争取不俗的排名。在他之前可能外地人看本地餐饮,只会想到来自台湾的名厨江振诚(Andre Chiang),现在,罗耶再次让外地人看见新加坡。

●用镜头关切草根生活原为《海峡时报》驻北京特派员的沈绮颖,在2011年放弃记者之职,投入纪实摄影工作,用镜头热切关注中国草根阶层的生活。沈绮颖也在今年7月成为首位、也是唯一加入国际著名的“七图片社”的亚裔摄影师,并在今年10月获颁Her World杂志的本年度“青年女性成就奖”(Young Woman Achiever)。

●为本地演艺界镀金影艺方面,李铭顺今年凭《亲爱的,我已经爱上别人了》,成为第一个夺得台湾电视金钟奖视帝的非台湾演员。他的得奖,意味着台湾的三金——电影金马、音乐金曲和电视金钟奖——三个不同娱乐领域的最高指标奖项,都有本地艺人沾上边,反映这里不缺人才。林俊杰今年则是本地乐坛霸主。他今年首次封王,获得台湾金曲奖最佳国语男歌手。此外,他也拿下今年新加坡词曲版权协会最佳歌手、最佳本地歌曲创作人。该奖项就歌手演唱过的歌曲的版税总收入为准绳,最高税收者得奖。这也是他连续6年获得最佳本地歌手奖,并连续4年获得最佳本地歌曲创作人奖。

年度人物2014 吴安全

http://www.zaobao.com.sg/media/video/story20141228-428660


透过长眠者看历

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Zaobao News Dec 28, 2014


吴安全(左)与吴安龙两兄弟多年来默默寻找与发掘本地的古墓,并带动本地寻墓热。
摄影⊙叶振忠

吴安全
51岁,寻墓人

2014年成绩
★寻获凤山寺创建人梁壬癸古墓。
★发现建国总理李光耀外家先人四古墓。

吴安龙
46岁,寻墓人
2014年成绩
★发现四排埔旧精神病院围墙。

不是祭祖,送殡一般人都不会到坟场去。采访当天要求德士司机载记者到武吉布朗(Bukit Brown)坟场去,司机就不很乐意,记者只好在离坟场约200米的路口下车。吴安全和吴安龙就毫不避忌,他们一次又一次带队到坟场寻根问祖,让一个个深藏在老林的古坟重见天日,还历史的本来面目。

自2011年9月武吉布朗因为要让位给新道路,约5000多个坟墓必须迁移的消息公布后,每个月的两个周末,还有公共假期,总有一群来自各界,学有专长,自称布朗人(Brownies)的热心人士轮流义务导览。他们身穿印有“Bukit Brown Heritage”的白色T恤,倚仗挥汗热情解说,尽自己所能让公众多认识武吉布朗的历史。吴安全和吴安龙兄弟是这群人当中两个熟悉的身影,他们也是这群布朗人的领头羊。

武吉布朗探秘先行者

吴安龙是一名建筑安全经理,自小好奇心重,对一些不明白的事物总是很感兴趣,一定要想方设法查个水落石出。在他成长岁月中曾经的一些事物,不是已被人淡忘,就是已消失得无影踪。他努力发掘的目的,是希望重拾已被遗忘的共同记忆。因为这一信念,2003年沙斯后,他响应新加坡旅游局振兴旅游业的号召,跟哥哥吴安全一样注册为义务导游,带旅客到坟场去,让旅客以独特的方式认识新加坡。

吴安全则是一名药剂师,兄弟俩还共同创办了亚洲超自然侦探协会(Asia Paranomal Investigators),为落实他们追根究底的理想跨出第一步,开始研究武吉布朗坟场的墓碑,还绘制了一份地图,让公众下载来个“坟场自助游”。他们也从2006年起在武吉布朗导览,成了带团到武吉布朗探秘的先行者。

吴安全说:“武吉布朗加上毗邻的姓黄山和新恒山亭,共有20万个坟墓,所发现的坟墓最早的可追溯到1826年的清道光六年。从那年起到上世纪70年代封山为止近150年的时代变迁,政治演变,价值观的改变,都可从这些古墓上找到历史的印记,我们的历史就是这样一点一滴拼凑起来的!”

今年的两大发现

吴安全和吴安龙以及布朗人的努力,掀起了一股寻找祖先墓地的热潮。由于年代久远,所提供的资料不全,过去八年要求寻墓者不少,但成功率只有一半,不过一些先驱人物坟墓的重新发现,却大大地鼓舞着吴氏兄弟,单是今年最引人注目的就有两处:即凤山寺创建人梁壬癸的古墓和建国总理李光耀外家先人的四座古墓。

根据档案,凤山寺创建人梁壬癸的迁葬墓在武吉布朗坟场。去年,吴安全开始研究道光年间的古墓时,就被一个刻着“梁振荣”的古墓所吸引,开始与本地文史工作者林志强、洪毅瀚等布朗人一起对一组相关古墓展开田野调查。经过一番考证,今年5月公开确定“梁振荣”其实是梁壬癸的谥号。他的妻子余文娘(谥勤慎)、儿子梁瓒福(谥敦睦)、儿媳徐音娘(讳育娘)的迁葬墓也同葬一处。凤山寺是国家古迹,古墓的发现对研究本地最早南安凤坡人移民史具有重要的参考价值。

此外,早报今年6月一则《寻找人力车夫高长古》的新闻,令吴安全联想起建国总理李光耀在回忆录中提到的外公蔡金鼎和外婆梁亚顺。根据打理墓园的苏亚明所提供的线索,吴安全和林志强终于在深山中找到了李光耀的曾外祖父蔡应昌、外祖父蔡金鼎和蔡金鼎第二任妻子萧玉銮的墓。后来又通过下葬记录册找到李光耀外婆,即蔡金鼎的第三任妻子梁亚顺的墓。蔡家是典型的土生华人家庭,蔡金鼎是成功的富商。这批古墓的发现成了研究蔡金鼎家族的重要史料。

除了寻墓,吴安龙还对历史遗址感兴趣。不久前,他与国家文物局总司长(政策)陈子宇发现了一面在新加坡中央医院内有百多年历史的精神病院围墙,那是了解本地心理卫生服务史珍贵的资料。

寻墓最大的困难不是忍受蚊虫叮咬、提防蛇兽出没、杂草阻路,而是根据有限的线索进行发掘。

吴安龙说:“以武吉布朗坟场来说,都有记录册记录埋葬者的资料。问题是很多人不是很清楚先人何时过世,一些后代只知道先人的中文名,记录册则只记英文名,有些还是用手写的。资料越少,寻墓的难度就越大。” 难怪吴安全说,一座古墓的发现,往往是多个学有专长者共同努力的成果,绝不是一两个人的力量所能成就的。

2015年计划

 ★寻墓是吴安全和吴安龙的兴趣,也是义务工作,他们还会继续寻找,因为他们相信1826年以前就已有华人长眠于此。

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2014 Personality of the Year by Zaobao weekly, Dec 28, 2014

Raymond Goh (51) and Charles Goh (46)

Looking at history through the departed

If not for praying to one’s ancestors, one would not usually go to the cemetery. That day the reporter asked a taxi driver to drive her to Bukit Brown cemetery. The driver was not very happy, and so she has to alight at approx. 200 metres from the cemetery at the road cross junction. But the Goh brothers does not have any sort of taboo. They keep on bringing people to the cemetery to look for their roots, rediscovering old tombs hidden in the depths of the forest, bringing history back to life.

Ever since Sep 2011 when news broke out that part of Bukit Brown has to give way to a road and approx 5000 tombs has to be exhumed, nearly twice a month during weekends and public holidays, one would see volunteer guides from all walks of life known as “Brownies” wearing Bukit Brown heritage T shirts, and guiding the public on the history and heritage of Bukit Brown.

Raymond and Charles Goh are a familiar pair among the Brownies and the pioneering guides among them.

Bukit Brown Pioneering Explorers

Charles Goh is a construction safety manager and has from young like to explore the unknown to get to the root of matters. Some things will be forgotten or disappear as one grow up, and Charles hope to revive the forgotten collective memories. Since the SARS crisis of 2003, Charles responded to the call of STB and together with his brother registered as tourist guides. They do voluntary guiding for visitors to the cemetery, and let these visitors know Singapore in an unique way.

Together with Raymond Goh, a pharmacist, they founded Asia Paranormal Investigators, as a step forward to fulfil their ambition to research all things unknown. Since 2006 they also started to lead tours to Bukit Brown, do research into tombs and even design a cemetery map for the public to do DIY tours on their own.

Raymond said that Bukit Brown and the surrounding Seh Ong and Hokkien cemeteries has a total of 200,000 tombs, with the earliest dating all the way to 1826. From that year to the closure of the cemeteries in the early 1970s, one can see 150 years of changes and transformations reflected through the tombstones of Bukit Brown. Our history is gathered piece by piece from the collective stories of all these tombstones.

2014 Great Finds

Through the efforts of Charles, Raymond and the Brownies, there has been a surge in interest to find one's ancestor. Due to the passage of time and insufficient information, the success rate of finding one's ancestor for these tombs is only about 50%, but the rediscoveries of pioneers’ tombs provide much encouragement to the Goh Brothers. This year alone, the two great finds are the founder of Hong San See temple Neo Jin Quee and the family cluster tombs of Lee Kuan Yew maternal ancestors.

According to the archives, Hong San See founder Neo Jin Quee was relocated to Bukit Brown cemetery. When Raymond Goh first encountered this tomb, he combined forces with local history researchers Walter Lim and Ang Yik Han to research into this tomb and finally confirmed the identity of this tomb. The discovery of Neo Jin Quee’s tomb and the tombs of his wife, son and daughter-in-law provide important clues to the study of the immigrant stories of early Lam Ann people to Singapore.

Apart from this, in Jun this year, a news report to find the rickshaw puller Koh Teong Koo made Raymond recalled about Lee Kuan Yew maternal grandfather Chua Kim Teng and maternal grandmother Leong Ah Soon. Based on the clue provided by tombkeeper Soh Ah Beng, Raymond and Walter Lim finally found the tombs of Chua Kim Teng, his second wife and his father’ tombs. They later managed to find Leong Ah Soon’s tomb from the burial register, that is Chua Kim Teng’s third wife. The Chuas were a typical Peranakan family, and Chua Kim Teng was a successful merchant. These finds provide important historical information for the study of this early Chua pioneer family.

Apart from graves, Charles Goh is also interested into heritage sites and ruins. Not long ago, together with NHB Group Director (Policy) Alvin Tan, they rediscovered a century old lunatic asylum wall, which provide valuable information for the study of this early institution.

The greatest difficulty in finding graves is not mosquitos and insects bites, nor wild snakes or animals, nor wild vegetation, but the limited information and resources to find the graves.

Although there are burial records in Bukit Brown, many descendants does not know the dates their ancestors passed away, and some can only remember their ancestors’ Chinese names, while the records are in English. The lesser the information, the more difficult will be the tomb find.
 As such, Raymond said that sometimes it require more than the efforts of one or two persons, but the combined efforts and expertise of many volunteers to help find a tomb.

As for 2015, the Goh brothers will keep on their volunteer work of researching and finding tombs, and their mission is to find an earlier tomb than 1826 as there were already Chinese people then who died before that.

By Mok Mei Ngan
 Photo by Yap Chin Tiong - Raymond and Charles Goh has been researching and rediscovering old tombs in Singapore and sparked local grave interest

Resurgent Spirits of Civil Society Activism Rediscovering the Bukit Brown Cemetery in Singapore

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Resurgent Spirits of Civil Society Activism: Rediscovering the Bukit Brown Cemetery in Singapore
pp. 21-45 | 10.1353/ras.2014.0016                                                                                                           

 

Abstract:

The proposed building of a major highway and expected extensive housing projects in the forgotten Chinese cemetery at Bukit Brown of Singapore in 2011 ignited unprecedented national and international attention. Opened in 1922 by the British colonial authorities and eventually embedded with over 100,000 graves of the Chinese diaspora within a site rich in biodiversity, it is now touted as one of the largest Chinese cemeteries outside of China and a possible candidate for listing as a UNESCO World Heritage site.

This paper is not intended as a major theoretical framing of larger issues; instead, the focus is on chronicling the important resurgence of civil society activism in the process of rediscovery and tracing the challenges posed to the disciplinary political authorities of Singapore. Previous studies about contestation over Chinese burial grounds in Singapore are centred on Western versus Chinese practices and on parochial sub-communal interest versus modernist developmental regimes, without bringing heritage concerns directly into the microphysics of power. This new narrative on Bukit Brown will unveil the extent to which heritage, history and identity suddenly surged to the forefront of citizenry consciousness and interrogated the fundamentals of governance and national developmental agenda.

Download Link 

冯蕉衣碑文 应该不是郁达夫墨宝

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Zaobao News Jan 1, 2015



郁达文写的“星洲书店”。(作者提供)
薛振传

拜读《联合早报》记者谢燕燕去年12月28日报道的《诗人冯蕉衣碑文出自郁达文手笔?》,个人认为冯蕉衣碑文出自郁达夫手笔的可能性不高。这几个字的书体神韵秀逸,严守帖派的运笔和造型,不太像郁达夫的字体。

日本投降后的新加坡,要找到郁达夫的书法或题字,几乎难上加难。他题写匾额的星洲书店,曾是大坡牛车水的著名地标。20年前,当这座建筑还没被拆掉之时,我曾赶去拍照作记录。两年前,又看到郁达夫两件作品的照片:一件是于丁丑年(1937年)元旦题赠广洽法师,另一件是在1939年冬送给报社友人石蕴真。第一件现藏在广洽纪念馆内。

虽然郁达夫不是位书法家,但其瘦长的字体却流露出了他的真情与才气。年长的读者应记得他的“各记兴亡家国恨,悲鸿作画我题诗”和“曾因酒醉鞭名马,生怕情多累美人”等名句。虎豹别墅内有数座牌坊遗留下他撰的楹联,分别由吴纬若和许允之等名书法家题。

九旬阿嬤记性超强 准确指出百座坟墓位置

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Shin Min News Apr 5, 2015
(新加坡5日讯)九旬阿嬤半世纪来打理上百座咖啡山坟墓,只要看到死者亲人就能准确指出坟墓位置,大家都赞她“记忆力好得如电脑”。
张算(90岁)的儿子苏德义(58岁)说,大家都称母亲为“阿算阿嬤”。
苏德义说:“我小时候母亲就在武吉布朗帮人家打扫坟墓,她现在虽然90岁了,但还是很有活力,几乎停不下来,一定要找东西做。”

圣诞节后开始忙碌

一般人在清明节才扫墓祭祖,但“阿算阿嬤”圣诞节后就开始忙碌了。
苏德义说:“我们打理100多座坟墓,如果不从圣诞节后就开始,可能会做不完。”
“阿算阿嬤”清明前后的数周,周日早上8时就到坟场,下午4时才离开。周末则从早上7时做到下午5时。
他说:“有时我觉得累,她都不累!她说,到处走动就不会累了。”
“阿算阿嬤”的记性超强,能够记得每座坟墓的位置。
苏德义说:“只要她见过那家人,她就会记得。隔年,同样的家人去扫墓时,她就能带他们到坟墓前。大家都说她像电脑一样惊人。”

去年起打理富商林有着坟墓

阿嬤去年开始打理富商林有着的坟墓。    
媒体2007年至2010年间,显著报道一起1300万元新币(约3516万令吉)的遗产争夺案。
富商林有着在1925年8月22日立遗嘱注明,信托基金须在他最后一个孩子去世后21年才能解散,把资产分配给受益人。
林有着把基金收入分成95份,其曾孙女林翠娥辗转继承了40份,死时遗产估计值1300万元新币,但她没有后嗣,因此当时有多名亲人争夺这笔遗产。亚洲超自然侦探协会创办人吴安全发现,林有着与妻女的坟墓没人打理,去年联络信托公司,对方于是委托“阿算阿嬤”打理。

曾遇翻脸不认账者拒还钱

阿嬤辛苦打理坟墓,有人竟翻脸不认账。
苏德义说,虽然很多人都很喜欢他的母亲,但也有些人在母亲打理坟墓后就翻脸。
“前天,我们就遇到一个这样的人。我母亲六年来为他的祖先打扫坟墓,但每次清明节都没碰到他们。结果今年碰到了,对方就说他没有叫我母亲帮忙打扫,不肯付钱。”
苏德义不满地说,他母亲记性好,不可能记错。
他说,打扫坟墓一年收费从50元新币起,要看坟墓的大小及周围环境来决定。但如果遇到有经济困难的人,他们会义务帮忙或只收象征性费用。



九旬阿嬤张算半世纪来,打理上百座咖啡山的坟墓。 


建设流放--让路的武吉布朗坟头

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Zaobao News Apr 7, 2014

董农政

建设流放--让路的武吉布朗坟头

跑步的越跑越远
遛狗的越遛越远
骑马的越骑越云烟
不是因为森森的坟墓
而是因为即将没有坟墓的森森
一条不知会叫什么名字的公路
既不是阿公的路
又是阿公的路
把一棵棵老树
砍杀在辈份之外
忘了什么叫子孙
野蕨在机械里烂了怅怅的根
野兰在往后的清明再也不必流淚
黄莺呢
深情伴侣已在更深的铲铲下
考虑到城里当季候鳥
那些什么什么叫不出的碑
无须再考究
再大的名
再响的号
不过是更大的建设流放
更大的悲 

Banish

Those who run, run further away
Those who walk their dogs, walk further away
Those who ride, ride into the mist
Not because of the gloom of the tombs
But rather, there will soon be no more of the tombs' gloom
A road, the name of which is unknown
Not Ah Gong's road
Yet Ah Gong's road
Old tree after old tree
Hacked down regardless of the generations
Forgotten, what descendants are
Wild ferns, their unhappy roots in machinery rot
Wild orchids never need weep again during future Cheng Bengs
As for the canary
Its companion of deep emotions, under the deeper blows of the diggers
Is contemplating to be a migratory bird in the city
Those tombstones of which much is unknown
No need for further study
Bigger names
Grander titles
Are none other than greater exiles in the face of building
Greater sorrows

Translated by Yik Han

Grave sweepers a dying breed

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Under a shelter made from a canvas sheet that hangs from a tree, Mr Chua Tiam Koon cheerfully recounted his experiences at the cemetery.



Mr Chua, 83, is a cemetery caretaker. He has been one at the Bukit Brown Cemetery for 65 years.
In between contagious laughter and a hacking cough, he told The New Paper in Hokkien: "I grew up in the village nearby and we used to play around here. I have been doing this for a long time. I prefer not to sit around at home doing nothing."

His two children worry about the elderly man working such a physically demanding job. They have offered to support him financially so that he does not have to work, but the independent man refuses to hang up his gardening tools.

"My children don't want me to work any more. They even sold my mower worth $400 to $500 to stop me, but I bought it back behind their backs and continued working," he said.
Frail but not incapacitated, he cycles 6km on his trusty 30-year-old bicycle from his three-room flat in Toa Payoh to the cemetery at 6am every day. He tends to 20 graves a day and finishes at 5pm, making about $8,000 a year.

Families pay him about $100 a year for each grave.

Mr Chua used to work as an assistant manager at a canned food company and tended to the graves only during the Qing Ming Festival.

Now, on top of tending to graves, he collects and sells cardboard for some extra cash.
But his main motivation is not money.

"I can earn only a few thousand dollars a year. My children ask me why I want to continue working when I have enough money for food and clothing, but it is not about the money. And it is good exercise," he said.

Mr Chua grew up in a village on what is now Lornie Road. He recalls playing and helping out at funerals in the cemetery as a boy in return for some money and a free meal.

Another cemetery caretaker who grew up in a village near Bukit Brown Cemetery is Madam Zhang Suan, 90, who has been at it for more than 50 years.
Caretakers like her often set up makeshift shelters for themselves, so as to find respite from the sun and rain, or rest their tired legs.

Her shelter was deep inside the cemetery, and required trekking through the forest and across a small bridge made from old doors to get to.

Madam Zhang declined to speak with us, but her landscaper son Soh De Yi, 58, told TNP about his mother: "She has been working at the cemetery every day for more than 50 years. When we lived in the kampung, it was her job. I have helped her clean graves since I was young.

"She might be 90 but she still has a lot of energy." Most of the cemetery caretakers are above 50 years old, and the trade is a dying one, say heritage guides such as Mr Andrew Lin, who conducts tours at Bukit Brown Heritage Park on weekends.

"Most of the caretakers are original members of the villages. Not many people want to do it any more because it is hard work.

"Most people who do it have lived there their whole life, it is a tradition that is passed on from generation to generation."

Another heritage guide, Mr Raymond Goh, said: "Over the years, the caretakers would have
developed an affection for the graves they have looked after.

"I remember one of them saying, 'I have better job offers elsewhere, but if I leave, who is going to take care of these graves?'"

Mr Chua sometimes wonders if the younger generation has respect for their ancestors.

"Once, I caught people having sex here. My friends threw their clothes away and they had no clothes to wear.

"They wrapped themselves in newspapers and had to borrow clothes from others," said Mr Chua with a smile.

More pay respects during Qing Ming


Qing Ming Festival, or Tomb Sweeping Day, falls on either April 4 or 5 every year.
This year, it fell on April 5, but some people perform the rituals ten days before and after the actual day.

It is traditionally observed on the 106th day after the winter solstice, calculated according to the lunar calendar.

According to a guidebook published by the Singapore Federation of Chinese Clan Associations in 1989, Qing Ming originated 2,500 years ago as a spring festival.
Chinese all over Singapore visit the cemeteries or columbariums during the festival. They clean up the graveyard, repaint the tombstones, and burn joss sticks. Candles are also lit, and gifts and food are offered to the dead.

While columbariums and most of the temples do not keep track of visitor numbers and as such were unable to provide figures, a spokesman for San Qing Gong temple in Bedok North observed that there has been an increase in numbers over the past few years.

一篇“童年回忆” 揭武吉布朗古墓墓主身份

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Zaobao News
蓝云舟 2015年04月13日 -


周家后人周锦莲(右)与寻墓人吴安全昨天探访坐落在武吉布朗深处的周家墓群。(梁麒麟摄


文史工作者吴安全无意间读到一篇题为《童年回忆》的文章,发现文中提到的名字与寻获的墓群碑文上刻的立碑人名字一样,因而证实了墓主身份,即清代五品官员周开先,也找到他的第五代后人——周锦莲。

本地文史工作者发现清朝同治年间古墓,多年来无法查出墓主后人身份,却因一次无意间读到一名语言学家记述童年的文章,才让墓主后人终寻获祖坟。

国立教育学院语言学副教授周锦莲(62岁)已有半个多世纪没到武吉布朗祭拜祖父。她几个月前发表一篇题为《童年回忆》的文章,寻墓人吴安全读后,惊觉文中提到的几个已故长辈名字与自己五年前寻获的一群古墓碑文上刻的立碑人名字一样,其中年代最久远的要追溯到清代同治年间。经反复查证,终于核实了墓主的身份。

古墓主人是清代五品官员周开先,逝世年份是同治七年(1868年),距今已有近150年,是目前为止在武吉布朗发现年代最为久远的朝廷官员坟墓。周锦莲的祖父周清庆是周开先的内孙,上世纪初在新加坡经营船运公司。据1933年的报章记载,周清庆当时在本地华人社群中颇有名气。

武吉布朗坟场于1922年投入使用,周开先等其他五个周家坟冢是到了1936年才迁至此。周家墓群里只有周开先、其子周万吉和三个周家妻室的坟墓,还有一个被树木深掩,因此能找到周开先第五代后人并非易事,还得经由许多零星的线索拼凑而成。

吴安全是本地著名寻墓人,多年来在武吉布朗寻墓,挖掘岛国历史。他说:“当初我大概只猜想到这是一家人,只是第三代‘清’字辈和第四代‘乔’字辈当中有些在立碑时还没出世,名字不在墓碑上,追查工作变得困难。直到看到周锦莲的文章里提到的几个名字后,才惊觉她就是周家后人。

”墓志铭至今仍清晰

墓群年代虽久远,但仍保存完好,刻在周开先墓前四块石碑上的墓志铭仍清晰可见。

墓志铭出自周开先家乡族人,其中一名负责书写的是咸丰九年(1858年)的正科解元周庆峰。据碑文记载,周开先祖籍福建漳州海澄石甲头乡,是唐朝诗人周匡物后裔,属海澄之望族。

周开先自弱冠之年便离乡背井来到本地经商,成家立室。晚年虽“木本水源之思自若也”,却“不敢冒险归骸”,决定在此长眠,周家也就这样在新加坡长久扎根。

周家也与我国开埠先驱陈笃生一家结有姻缘,周锦莲是陈笃生的外来孙(第六代后人)。可以想像,没有周开先当年下南洋谋生,这段佳话可能就无从谈起。

周锦莲: 7岁祭拜后就没来过

吴安全在确认周锦莲是周开先后人之后第一时间与她联系,并把消息告诉她。近年来,武吉布朗的部分墓地因道路工程而必须起坟,所幸周家墓群到目前为止未受影响。周锦莲形容,接到寻获祖坟消息时,几乎不敢相信自己所听到的一切。

她说:“我自7岁来拜山后就没再来过。大概在10年前,我们几个亲戚都想找回先人的坟墓,但武吉布朗坟头这么多,我们无从找起,还一度以为会起坟。听到有祖坟的消息,简直又惊又喜。”

周家一年有两三次聚会,周锦莲说,将尽快把好消息告知亲戚,然后动手打理祖坟。


书写墓志铭的是周开先家乡族人、咸丰年间正科解元周庆峰。据碑文记载,周开先是唐朝诗人周匡物的后裔,属漳州海澄望族。(梁麒麟摄)

Bukit Brown Map - DIY walking guide

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Download the Bukit Brown Map, DIY walking guide compiled from various sources including Bukit Brown exhibition "Our Roots, Our Future" by the Brownies

https://drive.google.com/file/d/0B4PQvXArluxGeU8tMkktUmhDSHc/view?usp=sharing
 

Exhumation List of tombs affected by the road across Bukit Brown Cemetery

Bukit Brown Virtual Exhibition - Our Roots, Our Future

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It was the Brownies biggest effort to showcase the history and heritage of Bukit Brown to the public. Held over two weekends from 29 Jun to 7Jul 2013 at Chui Huay Lim Club, there were 18 talks in Chinese and English, and an exhibition with more than 60 bilingual infographic panels and exhibits. It was truly a labour of love and passion by many volunteers to raise the awareness of this hidden heritage site that they have uncovered at their own backyard. For those who missed this exhibition, here is a virtual exhibition website, again done by volunteers, to see the exhibits again and listen to the excellent talks, and appreciate Singapore first World Monument Fund 2014 watch site - Bukit Brown - Our Roots, Our Future

'Grandma Calculator' Zhang Suan can remember all 100 tombs she takes care of at Bukit Brown cemetery

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ST News,  Apr 6, 2015

SINGAPORE - Ninety-year-old Zhang Suan has been taking care of the tombs on Bukit Brown for half a century, and she is still going strong.
She can recognise by sight, all the relatives who visit the cemetery, and will point them to the right tomb, said her son Mr Su De Yi, 58.
"Everyone calls my mother 'Ah Suan Ah Ma'," Mr Su told Shin Min Daily.

Her moniker translates to "Grandma count" or "Grandma calculate" in Mandarin.
He told Shin Min Daily: "I have helped her clean the graves at Bukit Brown since I was young. She is 90, but still full of energy. She can't stop, and is always looking for something to do."
Being the custodian of so many graves, "Grandma calculate" starts getting busy after Christmas.
They take care of more than 100 graves, Mr Su said.
The pace picks up closer to Qing Ming, the "tomb sweeping" festival for Chinese families, which was on Sunday.

Around Qing Ming, Madam Zhang is at Bukit Brown cemetery from 8am till 4pm on weekdays and from 7am till 5pm on weekends.

Her memory is also superb as Mr Su recounted to Shin Min Daily: "She remembers every family she has met. When they come again the next year, she will bring them to the tomb of their relative. They all say she's like a computer."

Madam Zhang and Mr Su charge a minimum of $50 to take care of a tomb for a year. They charge more for larger tombs, but will also give a discount if a family is in financial difficulty.
Mr Su told Shin Min Daily: "We have met people who claim they never asked my mother to help them sweep the tomb of their relative, and refuse to pay. But her memory is so good, she couldn't have made mistake."

Since 2014, Mr Su and Madam Zhang have been taking care of Mr Lim Yew Teok's grave. Mr Lim died in 1925, and his family made the news because of a tussle over his inheritance, worth more than $100 million.

His fortune was held in trust, and to be distributed only 21 years after the death of his last surviving child. His will has come before the court five times since 1938 to be interpreted.
When his great-granddaughter Lim Chhui Ngor died unmarried and childless, a number of claimants came forward.

The High Court ruled in 2009 that none of them were entitled to the money as they were related to Miss Lim but not her great-grandfather.

Mr Lim's grave has been untended and Madam Zhang was asked by Asia Paranormal Investigators to look after it.

The co-founders of of the society, Charles and Raymond Goh are experts on old tombstones.

 


 

Arts fest: From inside HDB flats to circus tents

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Today Online  Apr 8, 2015

Tanjong Pagar Railway Station, Bukit Brown Cemetery among this year’s unusual venues at SIFA

By Mayo Martin,

mayo@mediacorp.com.sg

SINGAPORE — Residents of Upper Serangoon, Tampines, Marsiling Lane and Jurong East can expect the Singapore International Festival of Arts (SIFA) to arrive on their doorsteps in August.

The four HDB estates were revealed as the sites for the festival’s heartlands comedy performance Living Together led by Kumar, at a press conference held today (April 8) to officially launch the festival. Beyond the heartlands, other interesting venues and spaces this year include circus tents, an inflatable tent, cargo containers, Bukit Brown Cemetery and the former Tanjong Pagar Railway Station.

Speaking at the press conference today, Kumar quipped: “I’ve done enough comedy for the yuppies.” The comedian also revealed his affection for the heartlands after moving into an HDB flat two years ago.

“I love it. When people steal shoes, they steal one shoe. What am I going to do with the other one?” he joked.

Aside from the comedy shows, there will also be intimate theatre shows set inside people’s living rooms in the neighbourhoods of Yio Chu Kang, Siglap and West Coast as part of the Open Homes initiative. This will be done in collaboration with the People’s Association’s PAssionArts.

Meanwhile, Tanjong Pagar Railway Station will be the site of a few events, including festival director Ong Keng Sen’s durational performance The Incredible Adventures Of Border Crossers, which premiered in Paris last month; a few performances from the Dance Marathon — Open With A Punk Spirit! programme; as well as an app-enhanced “augmented reality” tour of the station.

Bukit Brown Cemetery will serve as the stage for a performance held at dawn by theatre group Drama Box, which will also be holding another of its shows at Toa Payoh Central inside its very own inflatable theatre space. The shows fall under its It Won’t Be Too Long series.

Elsewhere, expect small circus tents to pop up in the open field at Bayfront Avenue courtesy of Cabanons, which is a more intimate version of the circus spectacle created by French visual artist Daniel Buren. An exhibition by Chinese photographer Lu Guang will be set up at DECK, which comprises cargo containers.

The theme for SIFA this year is POST-Empires, which looks at what the world is like after colonialism, communism and even globalisation. Mr Ong added that aside from its significance in light of Singapore’s 50th year of independence, the passing of first Prime Minister Lee Kuan Yew also presented added food for thought.

“I’ve been asked by many what will happen to the island after the passing of the towering figure of Mr Lee, so perhaps we could also think about how we go on (from here) to find new independent trajectories,” he said.

Mr Ong added that the festival team was conscious of the importance of SIFA this year. “We were specific that this year was going to be the big bang,” he said. Hence, 60 per cent of the line-up comprise local works, including 12 new Singapore commissions. “It’s absolutely essential for every self-respecting festival (to commission productions),” he said.

With a slate of up to 65 ticketed and free shows and events spread across the festival in August and The OPEN in June, audiences can expect a “rich, intense, diverse and intellectually gripping” edition, said Ms Lee Chor Lin, chief executive officer of the independent Arts Festival Limited, which runs SIFA.

She added that the sizeable number of new works from Singapore groups makes the edition “that much more meaningful and fulfilling”.

One of these commissions is Smriti Padha (Memory Route), a brand new dance performance created by Cultural Medallion recipient Mrs Santha Bhaskar, who will make a comeback of sorts at the festival, having presented frequently in the 1980s and ’90s. Her last show for the arts festival was Manohra (1996). “I’m very happy and have many memories about how we worked back then,” she said. “And we’re back again now.”

The Singapore International Festival of Arts runs from Aug 6 to Sept 19, while The OPEN runs from June 16 to July 4. Tickets go on sale today (April 9), from SISTIC. For more information, visit http://sifa.sg



SIFA IN THE HEARTLANDS #1

You can catch Kumar, along with fellow comedians Koh Chieng Mun, Sharul Channa, Zaliha Hamid and Shane Mardjuki, in the show Living Together in at these times and places.

* Aug 6, 8pm, Multipurpose Hall, Blk 464 Upper Serangoon Road.

* Aug 8, 8pm, Tampines Festival Park, Tampines St 21 between Blks 254 and 257.

* Aug 13, 8pm, Ampitheatre, Blk 204 Marsiling Lane.

* Aug 15, 8pm, Community Plaza, Jurong East St 32 between Blks 312 and 316.

Performances last 1 hour each. Free admission and performed in the multiple languages of Singapore.

***

SIFA IN THE HEARTLANDS #2

25 homes across Yio Chu Kang, Siglap and West Coast will transform their living rooms into theatre spaces ala the open-house concept during Chinese New Year, Hari Raya and Deepavali.

* Sept 5, 6, 12, 13 at 10am, noon, 2pm, 4pm, 6pm, 8pm.

Performances last 30 minutes each. Free admission. Registration needed. For more information, visit http://sifa.sg/show/open-homes andhttp://www.facebook.com/passionarts.



Tanjong Pagar Railway Station will be the site of a few performances,..


 

Bukit Brown deserves World Heritage status, too

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ST Forum   Jul 8, 2015
Students exploring Bukit Brown cemetery. PHOTO: KUA CHEE SIONG

National Development Minister Khaw Boon Wan has said that Singapore could have a second Unesco World Heritage Site after the Botanic Gardens.
We need look no further than Bukit Brown Cemetery.
As one of the largest Chinese cemeteries in the world outside of China - in terms of its number of graves, with its oldest grave dating back to 1833 - Singapore will be doing this historic landmark grave injustice by not nominating it for the accolade.
Although a Chinese cemetery, Bukit Brown can be said to be uniquely Singaporean, being named after English trader George Brown and having the largest tomb in Singapore - that of late businessman Ong Sam Leong and his wife - which is "guarded" by statues of Sikh soldiers instead of traditional Chinese stone lions.
Peranakans, too, are buried there, such as the Dondang Sayang Association's founding member Koh Hoon Teck.
Bukit Brown is also the final resting place of pioneer entrepreneurs and philanthropists, such as Tan Lark Sye, Ong BoonTat, Lim Chong Pang and Chew Boon Lay.
Bukit Brown has huge potential. Spruced up, it could become an even bigger draw to both tourists and locals.
Already, foreigners are joining Singaporeans in exploring not only the graves, but also the area's sprawling grounds, which are teeming with local flora and fauna that have been left to thrive almost untouched for decades.
Bukit Brown could be converted into a heritage park with an education and research centre for students, conservationists and other visitors to learn not only about Singapore's natural history, but also about the Chinese diaspora in Nanyang - as South-east Asia was known in the old days.
I hope the Ministry of National Development and other relevant bodies will consider having Bukit Brown nominated for Unesco World Heritage status, so that it may join the ranks of its counterparts in New Orleans in the United States and Bukit Cina in Malacca, Malaysia, as world renowned heritage attractions.
Edwin Pang

Botanic Gardens, UNESCO and the conservation cause

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By  | Yahoo Newsroom – Wed, Jul 8, 2015

COMMENT
Now that the Singapore Botanic Gardens have become a UNESCO World Heritage Site, with all the attendant plaudits and financial benefits, it is perhaps time to revisit the old question: What is worth preserving in Singapore?
On the fact of it, heritage and history enthusiasts have much to cheer. After all, the authorities seem to be paying a lot of attention to Singapore’s heritage - the UNESCO award itself was the result of a five-year campaign. There have even been official promises that the award will spur the Government on to do more for conservation efforts.
In a recent interview with Channel News Asia, Culture, Community and Youth Minister Lawrence Wong was quoted as saying: “It will motivate us to do even more to strengthen our conservation efforts in the gardens and elsewhere in Singapore and to invest even more in heritage development in Singapore.”
But this leads directly to the issue that invariably turns contentious: Which sites should be preserved, and which should go?
It’s worth noting that the Gardens themselves were chosen from other possible sites such as Chek Jawa and Little India, to be put up for UNESCO’s consideration. They were ultimately nominated because, according to The Straits Times,  they had “outstanding universal value” and met two of UNESCO’s 10 criteria - having a historical landscape, and playing a role in the interchange of human values.
It might be argued that the 233-hectare Bukit Brown Cemetery, which is more than a century old, would have been a worthy candidate too. It houses Singapore’s oldest graves, including those of entrepreneur Ong Sam Leong and his sons, whose tomb is reportedly the largest in Singapore. Thanks to extensive media coverage, Bukit Brown has also gained popularity as a weekend destination. 
Several years ago, word of plans to build a new highway through the cemetery spurred civil society activists such as the Singapore Heritage Society to lobby authorities to preserve the cemetery.
Yet, thousands of graves there have already been unearthed to make way for the new road. Back in 2013, Bukit Brown was even put on the 2014 World Monuments Watch (WMW), an international list of cultural heritage sites which are being threatened by nature or development.
In a letter to The Straits Times Forum last year, activists Dr Chua Ai Lin and Claire Leow said that despite their best efforts, there had been no “consultation or protracted engagement” by the authorities on Bukit Brown. They added that there had also been no consultation about the zoning of the greater Bukit Brown area in its entirety for residential use in the 2013 Draft Land Use Master Plan.
There was a similar furor over the Old National Library Building, which was knocked down in 2005 to make way for the Fort Canning Tunnel. The building traced its roots to before the Second World War. 
Back in 2000, efforts to have it preserved culminated in a proposal by architect Tay Kheng Soon to have the tunnel re-routed, in order to save the old library. All this was to no avail. Today, all that remains of the Old National Library Building is two red-bricked entrance pillars, which stand near the Fort Canning Tunnel. 
Perhaps this spare, unsentimental approach to conservation had something to do with the late Lee Kuan Yew's practical approach to all matters. Asked by The Straits Times in 2011 what should be done with his house at Oxley Road after his passing, the former Prime Minister's answer was simple: "I've told the Cabinet, when I'm dead, demolish it."
When asked why, his reason was practicality itself: "Because of my house the neighbouring houses cannot build high. Now demolish my house and change the planning rules, go up, the land value will go up. You know the cost of preserving it? It's an old house built over a hundred years ago. No foundation."
Today, it seems that practical philosophy has found room for adjustment. Let's hope that Minister Wong's words ring true in the years to come. 

Bukit Brown not worthy of World Heritage status

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ST Forum, Jul 11, 2015

I disagree with Mr Edwin Pang's suggestion to boost the status of Bukit Brown Cemetery ("Bukit Brown deserves World Heritage status, too"; Wednesday).
Considering the cemetery's state, it would be ludicrous to make it a Unesco World Heritage Site and it may even damage Singapore's reputation if it became one.
Take Borobudur, a ninth-century Buddhist temple in Indonesia, and Cambodia's Angkor Wat - both Unesco World Heritage sites. These are architectural wonders of the world and have long histories.
Our land area of 718.3 sq km now holds a population of 5.5 million and this will increase in the years to come. The needs of the living should supersede those of the dead.
The Land Transport Authority has started work on building a new road to join the Adam Road flyover and the MacRitchie viaduct. With it, the traffic jams of Thomson Road will be eased considerably.
We cannot afford to be too sentimental over preserving an old cemetery like Bukit Brown, which is today nothing more than a forlorn place with broken tombstones and overgrown lalang.
Bukit Brown Cemetery pales in comparison with Bidadari Cemetery, which was started in 1908. Early pioneers Lim Boon Keng and Song Ong Siang were buried there until the site was exhumed in 2004.
The beautiful marble statues there were demolished and some were sent to the Garden of Remembrance in Old Choa Chu Kang Road. The HDB is building homes there, to be ready by 2018.
The so-called flora and fauna of Bukit Brown are too insignificant to be preserved as you can see only butterflies, snakes, spiders and some trees such as the African tulip. By comparison, Pulau Ubin has a more diverse range of flora and fauna worth preserving.
Bukit Timah Nature Reserve, Sungei Buloh Wetland Reserve and Pasir Ris Park have some rare flora and fauna, too, which, if not protected, will soon be extinct.
Heng Cho Choon

Gardens’ UNESCO success sparks calls for more sites to be protected

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Jul 12, 2015
 
SINGAPORE — The Republic’s successful bid to have the Singapore Botanic Gardens recognised as a UNESCO World Heritage Site earlier this month has sparked discussion, and hope, that more sites reflecting the nation’s heritage may gain recognition and protection.
Top on the wishlist of heritage experts and the public are Pulau Ubin, Bukit Brown and Jalan Kubor cemeteries, Jurong industrial estate, and even the types of public housing built over the years.
As the largest Chinese cemetery outside China with about 100,000 graves, Bukit Brown is a historical site comparable to others around the world, said Singapore Heritage Society vice-president Terence Chong. “More importantly, Bukit Brown is a showcase of the complexity of overseas Chinese culture with Fujian influence lying beside Peranakan aesthetics,” he added.

The society’s president, Dr Chua Ai Lin, said the cemetery was placed on last year’s World Monuments Watch, a global list of endangered cultural heritage sites. This is testimony to the fact that it has considerable heritage value, she said. Jalan Kubor, Singapore’s oldest Muslim cemetery and home to about 15,000 graves, is equally rich in heritage, she added.
The decision to build a road through Bukit Brown in 2012 resulted in consternation among conservation groups, which lamented the ensuing loss of heritage and biodiversity. Meanwhile, calls have been made to preserve Jalan Kubor by making it part of the Kampong Glam conservation district.
Last week, National Development Minister Khaw Boon Wan said the Botanic Gardens was “just the very first site” that Singapore could offer to the world, and that there was much to reflect upon with regard to the nation’s next heritage site.
Indeed, the Gardens’ success has led to much discussion about what else can be done to recognise other heritage sites — even if they do not have the potential to get on UNESCO’s list.
Singapore formally protects heritage sites through the inscription of National Monuments and conserved buildings. But Dr Chua noted that heritage-rich sites such as Bukit Brown slip through the cracks of protection.
“It is neither a building nor a monument,” she said, adding that there needs to be a comprehensive review of heritage legislation. “One of the things we’ve been saying is there is already existing legislation, but are they sufficient in protecting all sites?”
For instance, Singapore University of Technology and Design architecture assistant professor Yeo Kang Shua said public housing, ranging from Singapore Improvement Trust flats to more recent HDB homes, was worthy of consideration too, given the country’s success in this area.
Said Dr Yeo, who is also Singapore Heritage Society’s honorary secretary and whose work includes the restoration of Yueh Hai Ching Temple on Phillip Street: “We can look at the different periods of development and how we keep it as part of our landscape.” However, he acknowledged the challenges of getting public housing inscribed. “It’s a lived environment and, because of that, we have to accept that it’ll change over time.”
Architect and urban historian Lai Chee Kien pointed out that Jurong industrial estate, a “Garden Industrial Estate”, was revolutionary in its planning and design. “It’s the only industrial estate I know that crisscrosses industrial areas with greenery ... the Chinese and Japanese Gardens, Bird Park and lake area provide greenery for workers’ respite,” he said. “Jurong is a lesser-known but important idea that Singapore has given the world — that you can integrate green areas to ameliorate industrial areas, rather than setting them apart.”
Pulau Ubin, said Dr Chua, also needs further protection. “Pulau Ubin is not protected by any legislation now, but is a place that is rich in cultural heritage and deserves to be protected.”
Wishlists aside, Dr Chua said what is more pressing is the need to involve Singaporeans in the ongoing public conversation on heritage. Agreeing, Dr Yeo said: “Having a title tends to raise awareness. We congratulate ourselves for getting Botanic Gardens (listed), but what’s next?” He called for a public platform where people could “discuss heritage openly and transparently, be it our local community heritage, national heritage or world heritage”.
Responding to media queries, the National Heritage Board (NHB) said it has no plans to nominate other sites in Singapore for UNESCO World Heritage Site status. NHB CEO Rosa Daniel said putting up a bid for such a status requires a lot of resources from government agencies and the community, and the work continues even after a successful inscription. But the board is open to exploring possible sites with experts and stakeholders, she added.
While most may expect a World Heritage site to be of certain grandeur, such as China’s Great Wall, Dr Chua felt that in Singapore, it could be any place that is “deeply valued by the local community and which meets UNESCO criteria.
Members of the public on a guided tour of Bukit Brown Cemetery. Photo: Robin Choo/TODAY


 
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